Development of the lung as a derivative of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Predisposition of anatomy of the lungs to aspiration of food, saliva, and vomitus. Development of four-chambered heart to ...

Lung volume, a clinical indicator of lung growth and function, is commonly quantified using pulmonary function tests (PFTs) such as spirometry and body plethysmography which measure lung volumes, ...

Paradoxical breathing is often a sign of breathing problems. Paradoxical breathing causes the chest to contract during inhaling and to expand during exhaling. This is the opposite of how it should ...