There are about 28,000 species of bony fishes — the largest taxonomic group of vertebrates — and they have been around for a very long time (over 400 million years). So it’s no surprise that they have ...

Amphibious fish have evolved a remarkable suite of locomotory strategies that enable them to navigate both aquatic and terrestrial environments. These species exhibit a range of adaptations—from ...

Chapter 1: Evolution and phylogeny / Terry C.Grande and Mark V.H. Wilson -- Chapter 2: Locomotion and biomechanics / Emily Standen -- Chapter 3: Gas exchange / Jodi L. Rummer and Colin J. Brauner -- ...

Cartoons that illustrate evolution depict early vertebrates generating primordial limbs as they move onto land for the first time. But new findings indicate that some of these first ambulatory ...

Four-limbed vertebrates, known as tetrapods, have two enlarged areas in their spinal cords. The two enlargements have a ...

The response of animals to novel environments forms the basis of open field tests, an assay extensively used in the study of animal behaviour. However, to assess an animal’s routine behaviour or ...

Researchers have created a unique robotic fish that swims like a lamprey, powered by a little Arduino hardware and coding. If you haven’t come across a Lampreys they are an ancient extant lineage of ...

In nature, fish are known for their advanced swimming capabilities and have been shown to demonstrate excellent agility, maneuverability, and efficiency. While there are a number of robotic systems ...

Experiments provide useful cues for the way aquaculture salmon respond to underwater robots. With the world’s population on course to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, the global demand for protein is ...