Until now, the scientific community debated the starting point of liquid mantle solidification: did it begin deep within the Earth and progress toward the surface, or vice versa? Through advanced ...

Scientists have shown how the freezing of a ‘slushy’ ocean of magma may be responsible for the composition of the Moon’s crust. The scientists, from the University of Cambridge and the Ecole normale ...

Researchers investigate the effects of oxygen content on the melting of mantle rocks and the formation of early Earth magma It is widely accepted that the early Earth largely consisted of molten magma ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. David Bressan is a geologist who covers curiosities about Earth. How and if a volcano explodes depends on how and when bubbles of ...

An illustration of Earth as it existed during part of its formation billions of years ago, when an ocean of magma covered the surface of the planet and stretched thousands of miles deep into the core.