Before electronic flight bags (EFBs), pilots relied on paper instrument approach plates, primarily choosing between government-produced National Ocean Service (NOS) charts and Jeppesen charts.

Richard Aedy: We begin in the air. If you've ever been on a plane that landed in poor visibility you don't forget it. The pilot's relying on instruments and using something called instrument approach ...

Thorough pre-flight and in-flight planning, including comprehensive study of approach plates and maintaining acute situational awareness, is crucial for safe instrument approaches. Pilots must ...