Single-use electronic devices pose a challenge, as the heavy metals and other toxic materials in them shouldn't just be released into the environment, yet those substances are difficult to reclaim.

For reliability, designers must create flex circuits that are neither too thick nor bend too much. • Every flex circuit has a neutral-bend axis. • Smaller circuit thickness reduces the risk of damage ...

• A flexible printed circuit is as much a mechanical device as it is an electrical device. • The neutral bend axis may not be in the exact middle of the material stack. • The reliability of flexible ...