Metalenses have emerged as a new optical element or system in recent years, showing superior performance and abundant applications. However, the phase distribution of a metalens has not been measured ...

Fusion energy is being researched and developed as a new source of electric power that will contribute to the realization of a carbon-neutral society. At the National Institute for Fusion Science, ...

In this paper, the hybrid combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization (GAPSO) is used to optimize the phase distribution (PD) of beam-scanning reflectarray. The GAPSO takes ...

3D spatial tomography estimates the 3D structure of a subject from images taken from multiple directions. On the other hand, newly developed phase-space tomography estimates the plasma phase-space ...