Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD Key Takeaways The thoracic spine is made up of 12 bones that attach to your ribs and support your rib cage.Excessive curvature in the thoracic spine, ...

A good knowledge of the anatomy of the spine is essential for developing safe, evidence-based care. Abstract Back and neck pain are among the most common musculoskeletal complaints and a leading cause ...

The section of spinal neurosurgery at the University of Alabama at Birmingham is a well-established and expanding service of the Department of Neurosurgery under Chair, James M. Markert, M.D. Led by ...

What is the anatomy of the spinal cord? The human spinal cord is a cylindrical structure of nerve tissue that is protected by the spinal column and composed of uniformly organized white and grey ...

American football has a proud place in professional and collegiate sports, not to mention in hometown culture. Lately, the focus in football has been on concussions and chronic traumatic ...

The human body is often described as a marvel of “perfect design”: elegant, efficient and finely tuned for its purpose. Yet, when we look closer, a rather different picture emerges. Far from being a ...

Analysis of a 3.3 million-year-old fossil skeleton reveals the most complete spinal column of any early human relative, including vertebrae, neck and rib cage. The findings indicate that portions of ...