Well logging chronicles the depths, subsurface formations and events encountered while drilling. Well logs can include visual observations or be made by instruments lowered into the well during ...

Data-driven artificial intelligence, such as deep learning and reinforcement learning, possesses powerful data analysis capabilities. These techniques enable the statistical and probabilistic analysis ...

The difficulty of accurately predicting abnormally high-pressure formation pressure is one of the critical challenges in the field of petroleum engineering. Due to the low accuracy of formation ...

Real-time streaming well data monitors drilling performance and aids drilling decisions using web-based drilling models to calculate and predict drilling parameters. These models improve rate of ...

Sonic (acoustic) logs measure elastic–wave travel time and yield high-resolution velocity profiles essential for reservoir characterization, well planning, and geomechanics 1,2,3,4. In practice, sonic ...

Well logging acquires in-situ measurements of rock and fluid properties along the wellbore to quantify reservoir quality, fluids, and well integrity. It underpins petrophysics, geomechanics, ...