Some 4.6 billion years ago, Earth was nothing like the gentle blue planet we know today. Frequent and violent celestial impacts churned its surface and interior into a seething ocean of magma—an ...

When the early Earth’s magma ocean crystallized 4.4 billion years ago, the deep mantle trapped an ocean’s worth of water, ...

For the first time, scientists have mapped vast, continent-scale river drainage systems on Mars — ancient networks that may ...

Deep in the Arctic Circle, in Russia, lies the deepest hole ever dug which was once called 'the entrance to hell'. The Kola ...