The Peloponnesian War: Athens vs Sparta The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BCE) was a pivotal conflict in ancient Greece, fought between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, along with their respective allies. The war arose from long-standing rivalries, as Athens, known for its naval power and democratic governance, and Sparta, renowned for its military discipline and land forces, represented contrasting ideologies and lifestyles. Initially, the war began with the disputes between Athenian imperial

The conflict between Athens and Sparta, two powerful city-states of ancient Greece, was characterized by epic battles and complex diplomatic maneuvering during the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BCE). The rivalry stemmed from contrasting political systems: Athens embraced democracy and naval supremacy, while Sparta was a militaristic oligarchy focused on land power. Key battles, such as the Battle of Salamis and the Battle of Aegospotami, showcased Athens’ naval prowess, while Sparta's expertise in